Oxytocin — EU research guide.
Oxytocin is a 9-amino-acid neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. It regulates uterine contractions, lactation, social bonding, trust and a range of autonomic and immune functions.
What is Oxytocin?
Oxytocin is a cyclic nonapeptide with a disulfide bridge between Cys1 and Cys6. It acts on OT-R receptors throughout the body. In obstetrics (Syntocinon) it is used to induce labour and prevent postpartum haemorrhage. Research interest spans its role in social cognition (autism research), anxiety, pair-bonding, gut motility and immune regulation.
What does the research show?
Intranasal oxytocin human studies have produced a complex literature: early work showed prosocial and trust-enhancing effects, while more recent meta-analyses suggest smaller and more context-dependent effects than initially reported. Autism research trials have yielded inconsistent results. The clinical use in obstetrics is well-established and long-standing.
EU legal status
Pharmaceutical oxytocin (Syntocinon) is an EMA-approved Rx medicine used in obstetric practice. Research-grade oxytocin acetate is sold separately for laboratory research (pharmacology, neuroendocrinology). These are distinct products. Research-grade oxytocin is not a substitute for pharmaceutical oxytocin in any clinical context.
Molecular information
Pharmacokinetics
Oxytocin across EU suppliers
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Frequently asked questions
What is Oxytocin? ▾
Oxytocin is a cyclic nonapeptide with a disulfide bridge between Cys1 and Cys6 that acts on OT-R receptors throughout the body. In obstetrics (Syntocinon) it is used to induce labour and prevent postpartum haemorrhage.
What does the research show? ▾
Its obstetric clinical use is well-established, but intranasal-oxytocin human studies are complex: early work showed prosocial and trust-enhancing effects while recent meta-analyses suggest smaller, more context-dependent effects, and autism trials have been inconsistent.
Does oxytocin really make people more trusting? ▾
Early studies suggested prosocial and trust-enhancing effects, but more recent meta-analyses indicate these are smaller and more context-dependent than initially reported.
What is oxytocin used for medically? ▾
In obstetrics it is well-established for inducing labour and preventing postpartum haemorrhage. Research also explores social cognition, anxiety, pair-bonding and gut motility.
Is oxytocin legal in the EU? ▾
Pharmaceutical oxytocin (Syntocinon) is an EMA-approved prescription medicine. Research-grade oxytocin is sold for laboratory use only.
Is oxytocin banned in sport? ▾
It is not currently on the WADA prohibited list.